In Variety performances, man’s best friend often takes the shape of a puppet and they’ve featured on our stages at both The Varieties and The Grand countless times. Hyde Park Picture House is currently showing puppets on the silver screen in No Strings On Me: Cinema’s Living Puppet, so what better time to delve into the world of puppetry and its place at Leeds Heritage Theatres.
Written by Sarah Jewers and Aaron Cawood
Puppetry: a brief history
The 159 years of City Varieties is a mere scratch on the history of puppetry. The earliest mentions of puppets go as far back as the Ancient Greeks, with references to them in writings by Aristotle and Plato. A closer look at dolls discovered in archaeological digs in Greece has researchers believe they were actually used as marionettes – puppets controlled by strings.
Archaeologists have also made discoveries that confirm it wasn’t just the Greeks telling stories through humanised props. Research confirms puppets were being used in ancient Egypt, thought to be used for religious purposes. The popularity of shadow puppetry in China is believed to date back 3000 years with stories being told through creating shadows on a screen. This history continued through the Roman times and in fact, the word ‘puppet’ comes from the Latin word, ‘puppis’ meaning ‘little girl’. Regarded with fear during the time of witches and banned in England under Cromwell, puppets regained centre stage and remained a popular medium of entertainment amongst the newer forms in Restoration England.
Modern day theatre and entertainment proves the history of puppets will continue. The Lion King opened in the West End in 1999 and has been telling the story of Simba with help from puppets ever since. The popularity of shows like Avenue Q and the more PG Muppet TV shows and films including The Muppet Christmas Carol tells us puppets are here to stay.
Magnificent marionettes
The stage at City Varieties Music Hall has been graced by the weird and the wonderful over the years and the same can be said for the puppets that have featured.
Just like in Ancient Greece, marionette-style puppets have pulled in audiences. This includes the world-famous marionette puppet show, Mumford Puppets, the fruit of life-long puppet lovers Frank and Maisie Mumford’s labour. This show took to our stage several times and showed off the glamorous side of puppetry, finding itself more comparable to a cabaret than any school puppet show.
The glamorous Madamoiselle Zizi. Credit: West Yorkshire Archive Service.
A letter from Frank Mumford to the General Manager of City Varieties. Credit: West Yorkshire Archive Service.
Perhaps the most famous of the puppets in Frank and Maisie’s show was Madamoiselle Zizi, who was described by Manchester Evening News as ‘sex appeal on strings’. In a letter to the General Manager of City Varieties in 2001, Frank says that Mlle Zizi usually had “a number with a pianist and gags” and would need “following spots” as part of her technical, showing a brain and a beating heart are not necessary when it comes to showbusiness glamour. It is believed that she was also the inspiration behind Miss Penelope in Thunderbirds with Gerry Anderson having met her in the 1960s. She was even banned by the Watch Committee at the Birmingham Hippodrome for kissing men in the audience!
The Varieties is very lucky to have played a part in the history of the Mumford Puppets. Following Maisie’s death in 1984, Frank toured his puppets solo and our stage was the place of Frank Mumford’s final performance of the Mumford Puppets in 2004, a decade before he passed away himself at the age of 95.
The Mumford Puppets' matador in action. Credit: West Yorkshire Archive Service.
The matador and bull giving some swans a fright. Credit: West Yorkshire Archive Service.
Ones for the kids
City Varieties has also hosted some of the most famous puppets in children’s entertainment including everyone’s favourite glove puppet Sooty.
Yellow bear Sooty was discovered on Blackpool North Pier in 1948 by Harry Corbett. Back then, Sooty didn’t have the iconic black ears we see today but was already wielding a magic wand. After perfecting Sooty’s show, Sooty and his new best friend Sweep appeared at The Varieties as early as 1957. In 75 short years, Sooty has become an icon of children’s entertainment, receiving an OBE for charitable services, a Magic Circle induction, and a Guinness Book of Records entry for having the longest-running children’s TV programme in the world. A beloved character on and off screen, Sooty is still touring to this day and we’re very fortunate to have hosted the star in the bear’s very early days in show business.
Children’s entertainment and comedy have also been defined by one puppet fox who has celebrated nearly 60 years in entertainment, the mischievous Basil Brush. Unlike Sooty, in the early days, the human behind Basil Brush was unknown and has always been hidden when performing. For 48 years, the fox was portrayed by Ivan Owen, until he died in 2000 and Owen chose to remain mostly anonymous to avoid ruining Basil’s magic. Still appearing on screens and touring the comedy circuits today, we were lucky enough to have Basil headline the final The Good Old Days in September 2022 and he even spoke to us about his glistening career which you can read here. We don’t think we’ve ever had a bartender quite so foxy. Ha Ha Ha! Boom! Boom!
Programme for Sooty's Christmas Show, 1957. Credit: West Yorkshire Archive Service.
Basil Brush performing at the final Good Old Days.
Basil the bartender.
The weird and wonderful
One of the most common uses of puppets on our stage has been by ventriloquists. Ventriloquism is a form of stagecraft in which a person keeps their mouth shut but is still able to speak and move the mouth of a puppet or ‘dummy’ on their hand to make it look like the puppet is talking. If done successfully, the show can have multiple characters but only need one actor. From Neville King in 2008, to City Varieties-regular Andrew Newton, to the new namesake of the auditorium Sir Ken Dodd, comedians have been showcasing their talents in ventriloquism on our stage for many years and its misleading simplicity has continually been admired.
Andrew Newton: hypnotist and ventriloquist. Credit: West Yorkshire Archive Service.
Now for the weird. We have even had the perhaps Not Safe For Work Puppetry of the Penis, the Australian comedy-art performance featuring what Wikipedia describes as “genital contortions”, take over our stage. In one of our old brochures, the show advert gave the warning “Puppetry of the Penis is a non-sexual show featuring full frontal nudity”. Hopefully, these descriptions can help you imagine what the show entailed. It’s fair to say the art of puppetry has developed quite a lot since the Ancient world.
Puppetry in the modern age
In recent years, puppetry has been as alive as ever on our stages. In The Varieties’ annual Rock ‘n’ Roll Panto, we’re often treated to talking animals and magical creatures brought to life by puppets. Also at The Varieties, comedy acts like Nina Conti and Randy Feltface have used puppetry in new and fresh ways to keep audiences laughing.
At The Grand, Northern Ballet’s recent Merlin brought with it a breathtaking dragon, smoke and all, which left audiences awestruck.
Gavin McCaig as the Dragon in Merlin. Credit Emma Kauldhar
More recently, we had the honour of welcoming Life of Pi to the Leeds Grand Theatre stage. The show features very large puppets to bring zoo animals to life including Richard Parker, a Royal Bengal tiger that needs two puppeteers to operate it. And the National Theatre’s knack for immaculate modern puppetry is something we’ve been lucky enough to host too. The unforgettable War Horse trotted to Leeds – featuring titular horse Joey, brought to life by a team of three puppeteers at the Heart, Head, and Hind of the horse. We sat down with the team behind Joey to find out about what it takes to bring puppets to life at that scale, which you can watch below!
Up, boy! War Horse at The Grand. Credit: Ant Robling
If we want to talk about how far puppetry has come in a few thousand years, we need not look further than those spectacles. It is puppetry on a scale beyond the wildest dreams of the first puppeteers – and it is proof of the enduring power of the artform. Its permanency in culture is evident beyond the stage. At Hyde Park Picture House, we’re currently running No Strings On Me: Cinema’s Living Puppet – a season curated to highlight the best moments of puppetry in cinema. Don’t miss screenings of The NeverEnding Story, Alice, and Return to Oz coming up at the end of the month, and take a look at Never meet your heroes… Apart from Jim Henson | Hyde Park Picture House (HPPH) Leeds.
Puppets on the big screen
No Strings On Me: Cinema’s Living Puppet at Hyde Park Picture House
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